The Muted Group Theory free essay sample

Studies, university of Illinois Fall, 1993-1996 Co-Founder and Co-organizer, Women, Information Technology, Scholarship (WITS), Center for Advanced Study, university of Illinois, 1991-1996 Acting Director, Center for the Study of Women in Society, University of Oregon 1988-90 Associate Professor, Speech Communication, U of 1978-85 Language Is a man-made construction According to Kramer groups within our society are muted, or go incompletely heard due to the lack of an effective means to express certain groups of ideas, experiences, or thoughts.Kramer calls these groups muted and focuses specifically on the muted group of women. She argues that language is man-made and aids In defining, depreciating and excluding women Kramer states, The language of a particular culture does not serve all its speakers equally, for not all speakers contribute in an equal fashion to its formulation.Women (and members of other subordinate groups) are not as free or as able as men are to say what they wish, because the words and the norms for their use have been formulated by the dominant group, men Womens words are discounted in our society; women thoughts are devalued Women are thus a muted group Kramer noted that women were almost non-existent in cartoons. We will write a custom essay sample on The Muted Group Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She also claims that the female characters in cartoons had characteristics such as being: emotional, apologetic, and wish-washy. These characters are also not very prominent in the cartoons.The females are illustrated as being vague and flowery, and the artists used adjectives like nice and pretty to describe them Edwin Arden the strange tendency of many ethnographers to claim to have cracked the code of a culture without ever any making any direct reference to the Alfa of society made up of women Edwin and Shirley: Muteness is due to the lack of power, which besets any group that occupies the low end of the totem pole Shirley Arden also included that the muted group theory does not indicate that the muted group Is actually mute but that they are instead hushed by society.This idea they wish to speak or must they translate their thoughts and actions into a more understood and accepted form for society. Arden states, muted structures are there but cannot be realized in the language o f the dominant structure. Muted Group theory attempts to explain why certain groups in society are muted which means they are either silent or not heard. Arden explained the Muted Group theory from a gendered perspective.Because females are constructed differently, these differences cause females to act in a different way than males. These differences, Arden (Griffin, 1991) explains the reason why women (and minorities) are considered muted groups because they are considered to be lower in status than the dominant groups. Arden adds that because women as a muted group feel etude, they believe that they have no choice in order to fit in other than to change the way they act and talk.There is quite a bit of power play being executed in environments where a specific group because of gender, race, or cultural background cannot be heard for who they are, but rather only by acting in ways they are reflective of who is listening, the dominant group Home-Small world-private world Public-Large world -public debate-wh ere mens words are resonate The masculine power to name experience Women perceive the world differently from men because of womens and mans efferent experience and activities rooted in the division of labor Kramer also explains that mens control over language has produced an abundance of derogatory words for women and their speech patterns. Some of these include names such as sluts, where, easy lay and speech patterns such as gossiping, whining, and bitching. Men, however have much fewer names to describe them and most of them seen in a positive sexual light.These include words such as stud, player, and pimp She believes that words constantly ignored may eventually come to be unspoken ND perhaps even untaught. This will lead women to doubt themselves and the intentions of their feelings. What women want to say and can say best cannot be said easily because the language template is not of their own making Kramer believes that males have more difficulty than females in understanding what members of the other gender mean. She believes that men do not have a clue about women because they have not made the effort to find out. Dale Spender of Womans Studies International Quarterly gave insight into Karaokes statement by adding the idea that many men realize by listening to women they would be revoking some of their power and privilege. The crucial issue here is that if women cease to be muted, men cease to be so dominant and to some males th is may seem unfair stating, Ill never understand women Men as the gatekeepers of communication- millstream expression The unfulfilled promise of the Internet The Internet still has the potential to facilitate interaction among women across time and space, but it seems to be emerging as mens forum and playground. Feminist dictionary: Men have structured a value system and a language that reflects that value system. Women have had to work through the system organized by men bad feelings and imputation of bad motives or bad character can come about when there was no intentions to dominate, to wield power (p. 464). Men and women speak a different language. According to popular belief, at least, the speech of women is weaker and less effective than the speech of men.Our culture has many Jokes about the quality of womens speech .. Compared to male speech, the female form is supposed to be emotional, vague, euphemistic, sweetly proper, endless, endless, high-pitches, and silly (p. 82). 1 . Men and women perceive the world differently because they have different perception shaping experiences. Those different experiences are a result of men and women performing different tasks in society. 2. Men enact their power politically, perpetuating their power and suppressing womens ideas and meanings from gaining public acceptance. Women must convert their unique ideas, experiences, and meanings into male language in order to be heard (p. 1).Muted Group Theory sees language as excluding women based on several factors. For example the words used to describe a sexually promiscuous individual are radically different. For men words like, stud, playboy, rake, gigolo, and womanlier among others, all with positive connotations, describe the sexually active male. In a harsh contrast words to describe a female with an active sexual appetite include: slut, hooker, mistress, hussy, easy lay, prostitute, where, and nymphomaniac. The women-specific words are demoralizing and place a negative value on womens sexuality. The words used to describe men make them seem powerful, controlling, and dominant.

Analyzing a web page Essays - Community Websites, Free Essays

Analyzing a web page Essays - Community Websites, Free Essays Analyzing a web page Technology is constantly expanding and making it easier and more convenient to communicate and network with individuals and various organizations that we may not otherwise of had the opportunity to connect with. One area of technology that is growing at a fast rate and offering individuals and businesses, rather it be their professional life or personal the opportunity to make lasting connections is social networking sites. Social networking has become an excellent tool for businesses and individuals to connect and share information that can prove vital to their business. Sites like Facebook and LinkedIn are becoming popular and are an effective way to grow your business whether it is through networking with similar organizations and getting beneficial information from them or expanding your cliental by reaching out to those who may need or want your services. LinkedIn has become a vital tool used by the working professional, assisting them with making connections or linking up with other working professional to share what work and what doesnt work as well as connecting them with local or online support groups or networking groups. Members of LinkedIn are able to create a profile that gives a detail list of their educational background as well as their work experience. Users are able to browse the social networking site to view the profiles of other individuals, organizations, or companies within their field and follow the organization of choice and their postings. My ultimate dream is to create a nonprofit organization that is geared toward targeting at risk youth and their families. The whole concept is to help the whole family and not just focus your attention on the youth that may be having emotional or behavioral issues but offer mental and emotional support for the entire family, implementing various programs and workshops that will assist the entire family in growing, working, and playing together. Networking sites like LinkedIn can prove to be vital as I take the steps necessary to make this dream a reality. As I was browsing through the site I came across a few groups in my local area that met up monthly for lunch to discuss the ideas and challenges of those looking to start a nonprofit. I also took the time to search for companies or organizations that were geared toward working with and advocating for children. I was really quite excited to be able to look at their profile, view their web pages and doing so helped me to get some ide as and get my juices flowing. I have considered making connections with the various organizations I have seen on LinkedIn in hope that they could link me to information, people, and training opportunities that could possibly put me one step closer to my dream. I am also interested in going to the next luncheon for nonprofit communicators in Raleigh just to get feedback regarding my idea and you never know someone at one of these luncheons could either help me get closer to making my dream a reality or can link me to an individual or organization who can. I have found sites such as LinkedIn can prove to be extremely beneficial in making lasting connections within the business community and it gives those with businesses the opportunity to link up with other businesses to get feedback, advice, and possibly connect you with someone who can help you take your organization or company to the next level. This site also enables professionals to come together with the common ground of helping and motivating each other. Within the human service field this site can connect you to so many resources that can only assist in providing your clients with the ultimate experience. Having a site where human service workers from all fields and from all areas can come together online and share their experience, advice, and resources can prove to be helpful to the community as a whole. LinkedIn not only connect likeminded people but it offers an opportunity to share information regarding training and workshops that could assist organizations in staying up to date with the latest software and/or regulations. Such training and workshops can keep your organization competitive and allows you to offer your clients the best possible service.

Definition and Examples of the Fallacy of Equivocation

Definition and Examples of the Fallacy of Equivocation Equivocation is a fallacy by which a specific  word or phrase in an argument is used with more than one meaning. Its also known as semantic equivocation. Compare this with the related term of  amphiboly, where the ambiguity is in the grammatical construction  of the sentence rather than just a single word or phrase. Compare also with the term polysemy, which refers to when a single word has more than one meaning, and  lexical ambiguity when a word is ambiguous because it has more than one meaning. Equivocation is a common fallacy because it often is quite hard to notice that a shift in meaning has taken place, note authors Howard Kahane and Nancy Cavender in their book Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric. The sugar industry, for instance, once advertised its product with the claim that Sugar is an essential component of the body...a key material in all sorts of metabolic processes, neglecting the fact that it is glucose (blood sugar) not ordinary table sugar (sucrose) that is the vital nourishment (Wadsworth, 1998). In a broader sense,  equivocation  refers to the  use of vague or unclear  language, especially when the intention is to mislead or deceive an  audience. Combatting the Fallacy You need to discover context behind the slippery terms and an arguments assertions when working to combat an equivocation fallacy. The  fallacy of equivocation  occurs particularly in  arguments  involving words that have a multiplicity of meanings, such as  capitalism, government, regulation, inflation, depression, expansion,  and  progress, note authors  Robert Huber and Alfred Snider in their book Influencing Through Argument. To expose the fallacy of equivocation you give accurate and specific  definitions  of  terms,  and  show  carefully that in one place the definition of the terms was different from the definition in another (IDEA, 2005). Take a look at the following ridiculous  syllogism  example given in the book  Informal Fallacies: Towards a Theory of Argument Criticisms by  Douglas N. Walton: An elephant is an animal.A gray elephant is a gray animal.Therefore, a small elephant is a small animal.Here we have a relative term, small, that shifts meaning according to the context. A small house may not be taken, in some contexts, as anywhere near the size of a small insect. Small is a highly relative term, unlike grey, that shifts according to subject. A small elephant is still a relatively large animal. (John Benjamins, 1987) Investigating equivocation fallacies in a debate opponents arguments will be more difficult than one that is readily apparent to be not factual like the above, but fallacies like this are worthwhile to combat, as getting to see behind the curtain and find truth  is important, for example, when searching for peoples (or politicians) motives behind what they endorse.   Another area to dig into is vagueness of a claim or when a term is left undefined. For example, when President Bill Clinton claimed not to have sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, his statement may have meant one particular act but was presented in such a way that it appeared he hoped people would infer his denial of all types of sexual contact. Next, look also for words taken out of context from an original text or speech and twisted around to mean something other than what the person meant.

Organization Management Task Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organization Management Task - Term Paper Example Industry experts had forecasted that the attendants would fall considerably during the recession. However, increase in the price of tickets would not be effective as the expense increased by 2.5% leading to considerable operating deficit. However, the strength of the Symphony lies in the fact that it had earned a huge brand name for itself being one of the most famous orchestral groups. The financial strength of the organizations is also revealed through the immense reputation that it enjoyed and which consequently reflected through high ticket sales. Also the high paid musicians employed by the organization earning full time salaries only depicts the financial stability of the organization. The financial weakness of the organization was that it did not get any funds from the state and was the entire was generated through individual contributions and tickets sales. Moreover, ticket sales kept fluctuating depending on external conditions which weakened its financial position even furt her. The leadership strength of the company gets reflected by the fact it was led by Maurice Abravanel, who was hired as the conductor in the organization. The orchestra had developed under Abravanel starting from a small and part time community ensemble to a huge and renowned world class symphony. He was responsible for the growth of USA and for becoming the first orchestra in USA to have performed in the international platform. The leadership weakness of Utah Symphony gets revealed through the fact that it was subjected to too many leadership changes. The leadership of Abravanel was taken over by Lockhart and Lockhart continued to follow the initial strategies. However, since external conditions had changed it was necessary that Lockhart had made his own strategies which would be suitable for the present conditions at Symphony. a. Recommendations for addressing the weaknesses Firstly Anne should ensure that the organization would continue functioning under strong leadership and gu idance as they had done before. Otherwise it would lead to a fall in quality and performance. Secondly she would also have to ensure that the crisis which had resulted in revenue losses for the company would be eradicated. The crucial aspect of the merger was to ensure that the merger would result in economic benefits and remove the deficits which had been prevailing (Dymski, 1999, p.56). The merger would definitely result in realizing scale economies as both the organizations were into the same business. This would be possible by making thorough analysis of the financial position of the two organizations, measuring their strengths and weaknesses and working on them. The key strategy would be to use the strength of one organization to realize the benefit of the other. Merging Opera with Symphony could be effective in drawing audiences having affinity towards traditions and culture which could control the problem of falling ticket sales to an extent. Enhancing the brand name and repu tation through advertizing and publicity would also be effective in earning reputation and fame drawing in additional audiences which would consequently strengthen financial position of the organization. The improved financial position would be make it eligible for being part of the big merger. 2. Financial and leadership strengths and weaknesses of the Utah Opera The Utah Opera was also initiated and led by the best

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 122

Assignment Example Firstly, I would like to express my satisfaction with the writing of this play. Indeed, by composing it, Euripides was out to demonstrate his literary prowess. In his writing, the author effectively used the element of characterization. He made a good choice of characters that would make it much easier for him to deliver his intended message to the audience. Each of the characters was given a name and role that perfectly suits them. They include Medea, Jason, Children, Glauce, Creon, Aegeus, Messenger, Nurse and the Tutor. Each of these played a very significant role in promoting the continuity of the play and developing its themes. The interaction between the protagonist and other characters was quite impressive. The role played by characters like Medea and Jason helped in demonstrating how the Ancient Greek society was discriminative and bias towards the womenfolk. All these were clearly brought out by the manner in which the author empowered his characters. If it were not for them , the play would not have enjoyed an uninterrupted continuity. Besides, the play has adequately utilized the aspect of theme. In his composition, the author was very much concerned about a particular message he was intending to pass to his target audience. Apart from using appropriate characters to help in doing this, he chose a good setting that suits the play. Essentially, Corinth is one of the historical Greek cities that can be used to understand the Ancient Greek history by shedding more light on how the Greeks interacted amongst themselves and with their gods on the day to day basis. With characters like Medea as a protagonist, the author would not struggle to explore the themes of position of women in the society, love, pride and revenge. The theme of love was produced as a result of the love affair between Medea and Jason and later Jason and

Use of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to Evaluate Post Tra

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) frequently headlines newspapers and newscasts across America. Veterans fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan return to a life they left but inside they are tormented with flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, anger, and depression. Many people suffer from PTSD after experiencing traumatic events in his or her life. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is chosen for the basis of this assignment to evaluate someone who exhibits symptoms of PTSD. Sometimes the symptoms of PTSD are exaggerated or faked. The basic characteristics and the purpose of this tool will be discussed as well as how the tool is used. An analysis of the MMPI-2 will reveal the relationship between MMPI-2 and a major theory of personality. After identifying the psychometric properties for PTSD populations, the question of the adequacy of MMPI-2 will be answered by reviewing literature. Last ethical considerations will be analyzed. Selection of instrument, characteristics, uses and purposes PTSD is a type of anxiety disorder resulting from experiencing a traumatic event in life. The person will relive or re-experience the event through flashbacks, nightmares and fear-evoking memories. Some report being hyperaware or constantly aroused, expecting the event to happen again. Soldiers comment on falling to the ground at a loud bang, constantly surveying the area around them, having an exaggerated startle response. Many do not talk about his or her experience; have sleep problems, anger issues, and trouble concentrating. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common to try to deal with the anguish inside (PTSD Support Services, 2010). The MMPI-2 consists of 567 true and false questions taking 60 to 90 minutes to complete. A shor... ...ive for posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury. Psychological Assessment, 23(1), 203-214. doi:10.1037/a0021339 Garcia, H. A., Kelley, L. P., Rentz, T. O., & Lee, S. (2011). Pretreatment predictors of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Psychological Services, 8(1), 1-11. doi:10.1037/a0022705 Efendov, A. A., Sellbom, M., & Bagby, R. (2008). The utility and comparative incremental validity of the MMPI-2 and Trauma symptom Inventory validity scales in the detection of feigned PTSD. Psychological Assessment, 20(4), 317-326. doi:10.1037/a0013870 Tolin, D. F., Steenkamp, M. M., Marx, B. P., & Litz, B. T. (2010). Detecting symptom exaggeration in combat veterans using the MMPI–2 symptom validity scales: A mixed group validation. Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 729-736. doi:10.1037/a0020973

Emotions Are Perfectly Permissible Signs of the Healthy Body’s Response to Stress Essay

What are the essential factors that help to mould a person’s character? The formation of character begins from the early childhood. Of course family plays significant part in character building. Carrying out some simple duties, the child is accustomed to respect and love work, to feel responsibility for the charged business. Under the influence of requirements of parents and tutors, their personal example the child gradually has concepts of what he can do and what he can’t, and it starts to define its behaviour, lays the foundation for a call of duty, discipline, endurance; the child is accustomed to state an estimation to own behaviour. With the Ð µntering school begins the new stage of formation of character . This stage is characterised by that the child faces a considerable quantity of new, strict rules and the duties rigidly defining all its behaviour. Usually these circumstances promote formation of such character traits, as organisation, purposefulness, persistence, accuracy, discipline, diligence. Especially intensively character traits develop at teenagers . And this sensitive period is formed set of character traits, especially what express the relation of the person to a society and people. The major means of a character building is work. In the serious and socially significant work connected with overcoming of difficulties, the best character traits – purposefulness, a collectivism, persistence are brought up. The character building is influenced by the literature and art. Images of literary heroes and their behaviour often serve for the pupil as the original sample to whom it compares the behaviour. The character building is influenced also by a personal example of the tutor, whether it is parents or teachers. What the teacher does much more influences a life of the child, than what he speaks. How the teacher his work how he follows public norms of behaviour, how he control his feelings, what style of his work – all that has enormous importance for a character building of children. Character is not a stiff foundation(Ð ·Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'‹Ð ²Ã'ˆÐ µÃ µ Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ),it moulds during all person’s life. It’s known that physiological bents(Ð ·Ã °Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð ºÃ ¸) do not predetermine absolutele development of character. A great assistance( Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‰Ã'Å') in a character building is rendered by more skilled people and it’s important to find a worthy example for imitation. Character of the person is formed in interaction with others. But the one who undertakes to help another, at first should show itself an example of purposefulness, activity, organisation, firmness and other character traits which he should generate at the pupils. Here it is impossible to forget about mechanisms of imitation which first of all extend on negative displays of behaviour. At first mother, the father, other members of a family, then tutors in a kindergarten, contemporaries, teachers are potential instructors. So those potential instructors should first of all look after themselves. Much depends on them. They should make aware of all responsibility that they take. What are the ways and means by which a person’s character is revealed and estimated? We all know that people are different. Sometimes we meet people whom we don’t like. But some people attract us. Usually when we meet people first of all we look at their appearance, how they look. Of course if a person is untidy, slovenly and unpleasant we don’t want to communicate with him. We don’t even want to be near them. We always look at person’s clothes. As for me I like well-dressed people, who are always neat, tidy and elegant. And if we like person’s appearance we are eager to socialize with them. But sometimes it happens that we are disappointed in people, even we like their appearance. It happens when a person is rude, impertinent, impolite or fussy. So what I want to say that we also pay attention to people’s speech, in what way they communicate. It’s very important to communicate with people politely, friendly, affably and calmly. And I want to say that first impressions play the leading role for further communication. When we meet new people we pay attention to everything, to their appearance, their speech, voice, manners and behaviour. Person’s behaviour says us about some of his or hers character traits. If a person can’t cope with his feelings, always throws tantrums we can understand that he is very nervous, fussy and unrestrained. And if he always hides his feelings, doesn’t let off stem, behaves himself calmly and coolly we can say that this person is reserved, uncommunicative and secretive. But it’s not good. I think it is more interesting to communicate with open, sociable, easy going and cheerful people. I think everyone will agree with me. And I want to say that the more we communicate with a person, the more we know him. And person’s behaviour just helps us to know him. Through some of his deeds we can understand whether a person is scrupulous, sincere or on the contrary unscrupulous and false. Also I always pay attention to person’s attitude to the life, to his parents, friends and other values. Does he respect his parents and friends or not, has he any aim in his life or not. I like purposeful people, they always know what they want and finish whatever they start. These are good traits of character. And also I want to add that I don’t like people who tease animals. May be I don’t like them because I have my cat, but nevertheless I think intelligent person will never hurt animals, they are weak and we should take care of them. And if a person is cruel towards animals I can consider that he is brutal in the life. What is the role played by personal traits of character in choosing a profession? The problem of choosing the future profession has always been very important. The profession a person chooses in many ways determines his future life. For many people choosing a career is not an easy task. It is one of the most important decisions one makes in life. The properly chosen career makes a person happy and successful for the rest of his life. There are several factors that influence on the decision of young people to make their choice. Much depends on the inclinations and interests of the person. Also the profession of the parents often in this or that way influences on the future profession of their children. And of course personal traits of character play a great role in choosing a profession. It’s very important to take them into account. Because for example if a person is ill-natured, hard-hearted, insensible, fussy and cruel, he couldn’t be a teacher or a doctor. I think teacher should control her or his feelings, not to take her or his irritation out on students or pupils. Of course it’s difficult, because teachers are people and sometimes it’s difficult to cope with feelings. As for me I’m going to be a translator. At school at first I wanted to be a journalist. I admired them. I thought I was born to be a journalist, because I’m communicative, responsible, reliable, sociable, I’m easy to deal with, but I couldn’t write compositions and it was enough for me to refuse that idea. I liked English at school, and I wanted to speak English without any difficulties that’s why I decided to go to our institute and to study English. But I think it’s too little to have only a wish to be a translator, some traits of character are also very important. I think translator should be first of all communicative, sociable, and responsible. And a lazy person couldn’t be a translator, only hard-working, industrious and patient person could manage it. And of course it’s necessary to have a good memory. And I think a good person can choose any profession, it depends on his interests. If he or she is polite, affable, attentive and honest everyone will want to hire him or her. But as for ill-natured people it’s always difficul t to find a good job for them, first of all it’s difficult to get an education, because usually they are unrestrained, intolerant, self-willed, harsh and impertinent, they can start their studying but couldn’t finish it. And they are difficult to deal with. And even if they got an education, nobody wants to work with them. For example nobody let nervous people to work with their children. Or no one wants to hire irresponsible or dishonest person. There are some people who are always shy, not self-confident and it’s hard for them to communicate with other people, they always think that they do something wrong, they become concerned about what people think about them. I think such people can’t achieve any success in their career. They should be more active, assertive and persevering but within reasonable limits. Negative feelings seem to change character with intensity. There are a lot of difficult situations in our life. We are all different, some people are not afraid of problems. They are persevering and self-possessed. They know how to cope with different problems. But there are some people who always unlucky. They are gloomy and sullen. They usually claim of their troubles. I suppose it is very difficult to communicate with such kind of people. I think that it is better to be more optimistic when you are in a bad mood. Is it interesting to be through the difficulties? In my opinion it is very interesting and most of all it is impotent to cope with problems when we meet with them. Hard situations train our willpower. We should learn how to calm down and to try not to let off steam. Usually when we are tense and jumpy, we take our irritation out on friends, parents. Such kind of behavior only makes the situation worse. It is necessary to say that negative feelings can spoil everything. Usually we can’t take easy many problems. For example, when we quarrel with our family or with our friends, we become tense and sulky. There is no mood to do something. We began to feel anxious. We think that it will be impossible to achieve some good results. When the situation becomes more difficult, we begin to throw tantrums. We can’t find the right decision or to be more exact we don’t try to do it. I’d like to say that when you don’t know how to pull yourself together and to calm down, your character will change with intensity. You will get irritated more often, even without any reasons. Some people lose all hope to realize their dreams. For example, they failed once. And it was difficult for them to cope with negative feelings. People of weak character usually despair deeply and lose any hope to achieve a success. So, I think that it is necessary to be an optimistic person. We should take easy a lot of distressing situations. Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet. There are a lot of difficult situations in our life. We are all different, some people are not afraid of problems. They are persevering and self-possessed. They know how to cope with different problems. But there some people who always unlucky. They are gloomy and sullen. They usually claim of their troubles. I suppose it is very difficult to communicate with such kind of people. I think that it is better to be more optimistic when you are in a bad mood. Is it interesting to be through the difficulties? In my opinion it is very interesting and most of all it is impotent to cope with problems when we meet with them. Hard situations train our willpower. We should learn how to calm down and to try not to let off steam. Usually when we are tense and jumpy, we take our irritation out on friends, parents. Such kind of behavior only makes the situation worse. Who is a lucky person? I think a person who coped with some difficulties and achieved a success is really lucky. There is a good proverb. Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. It is a golden rule. We shouldn’t look for easiest ways in our life. We should be more persistent. For example your friends are planning a hiking tour. But you refused their suggestion to go on a hike with them. You are afraid of bad weather; you don’t know how to make a fire. You don’t want to cut a foolish figure. You prefer to sit at home and to be unnoticeable. But is it right? No, it is not right. There are a lot of children from rich families. They have everything but they do nothing. They get a good education without making any efforts. I don’t think that such children are happy. In my opinion the problem of choosing the future profession has always been very important. The profession a person chooses in many ways determines his future life. For many people choosing a career is not an easy task. It is one of the most important decisions one makes in life. The properly chosen career makes a person happy and successful for the rest of his life. People make much effort to enter the university and to realize their dream to be for example a translator or doctor, etc. They are studying for 5 or six years and after that people try to find a good job. it is a fantastic feelings when you are proud of yourself! You worked hard, you passed a lot of exams and you got a certificate of degree. Now you are a specialist and you have got a gut job. Emotions are perfectly permissible signs of the healthy body’s response to distress There are a lot of difficult situations in our life. We are all different, some people are not afraid of problems. They are persevering and self-possessed. They know how to cope with different problems. But there some people who always unlucky. They are gloomy and sullen. They usually claim of their troubles. I suppose it is very difficult to communicate with such kind of people. I think that it is better to be more optimistic when you are in a bad mood. Is it interesting to be through the difficulties? In my opinion it is very interesting and most of all it is impotent to cope with problems when we meet with them. Hard situations train our willpower. We should learn how to calm down and to try not to let off steam. Usually when we are tense and jumpy, we take our irritation out on friends, parents. Such kind of behavior only makes the situation worse. When we are in a bad mood our body suffers from it too. When we feel anger, physical tension develops automatically. We need to realize this tension through action of some kind. I think it is not bad to let off steam in such a way. They say that physical exercises influence on our mood positively. There are a lot of situations when we need to express our feelings. To be more exact, we need to let off steam. Anger that is expressed automatically clears the air and removes the tension. Sometimes it is necessary to burst into tears. When you are furious, you shouldn’t disguise your feelings. Accumulation of irritation, annoyance and stress leads to headaches, sickness of various kinds. We should take care of our health. I suppose it is better to say a person everything what you think about him. Don’t accumulate fury. Of course we should know where to stop. Otherwise people will be afraid of you. They will begin to avoid communicating with you.