Analysis of corporate governance of Home Depot Essay

Analysis of corporate governance of Home Depot - Essay Example It has been observed that shareholders participate in sharing of the profits that the organization earns but they do not frame a part of the responsibilities being undertaken within the organizational operations. Corresponding laws have been imposed in order to limit the shareholders’ liability for the organizational activities that ultimately results in their involvement within the operational processes. It can thus be ascertained that Board of Directors of any company endures certain obligations pertaining to the decision-making process that might affect the organization in the long run in the forms of Corporate Governance. Corporate governance basically relates to the relationship of shareholders, top management and Board of Directors for designing and planning the procedures and performances of the organization (Wheelen and Hunger 43-71). 2.1 – Board of Directors. The Founders of Home Depot included Arthur Blank, Kenneth Langone, and Bernard Marcus (Wheelen and Hung er 43-71). The current board of directors includes F. Duane Ackerman, Frank Blake, Ari Bousbib, Gregory D. Brenneman, J. Frank Brown, Albert (AI) Carey, Armando Codina, Helena B. Foulkes, Bonnie G. Hill, Karen L. Katen and Mark Vadon. Correspondingly, F. Duane Ackerm has been ascertained to be serving as a part of board of directors since 2007. ... Ari Bousbib has been serving as the Director since 2007. Previously, he had served as the President of Otis Elevator Company from 2002 to 2008 and prior to this he had also occupied the position of Chief Operating Officer from 2000 to 2002. He is required to perform wide range of activities particularly concerning over-sighting information technology, supply chain and other activities dealing with developing strategies of the company. Furthermore, with his experiences in the field and dedicated expertize, Mr. Ackerman provides advance managing skills and competencies to Home Depot by handling the most complex situations efficiently (Wheelen and Hunger 43-71). Gregory D. Brenneman has been serving as the Director of Home Depot since 2000. He has showed his competencies as a business leader in many of the well-known established organizations. His involvement and expertize within the management decisions has changed the entire scenario of many organizations. Prior to this, he had served as President and member of the Board in Continental Airlines Inc from 1996 to 2001 and Chief Operating Officer from 1995-2001. He renders his valuable service in terms of general management of the company as well as delivers his expertise concerning corporate finance, marketing and international aspects of the company. He also endures expertize in the corporate finance, supply chain and international matters among others. Mr. Brenneman is currently working as the chairman of CCPM Capital Advisers. This company is a private equity firm. Furthermore, he has also been employed as a chairman and in the position of a CEO of the company TurnWorks incorporation. Moreover, in his working career, he

Alternative education Essay Example for Free

Alternative education Essay E-learning is an excellent option in education, particularly when there are hindrances to traditional learning situations. For example, some people wish to continue their educations but do not live within driving distance of a college or university and dont find it feasible to relocate. E-learning is a viable alternative for these students. Another hindrance to traditional learning, especially in grades K through 12, is the one size fits all mentality it embraces. Many students just do not learn well in a traditional learning environment, but thrive in a more flexible setting. To address this issue, parents are turning to e-learning opportunities for their children. Some choose full-time enrollment in a virtual school, while others use e-learning to supplement a home school curriculum. In the business world, e-learning provides a way for companies to train and instruct employees without requiring them to travel to a central location. Convenience is one of the major advantages of e-learning. It allows students to work and learn at their own pace without the unyielding time restrictions of traditional learning. Because e-learning provides access to learning materials at any time, students have the flexibility to schedule around families, jobs and other activities. Another major benefit of e-learning is the accessibility it provides. Students can learn from anywhere in the world. This is an especially important consideration for students who wish to study in a different country. In addition, because e-learning can be done from home, students have less clothing and driving expenses than with traditional learning. A major disadvantage to e-learning is the self-discipline it requires. While being able to work at your own pace can be an advantage, it can also be a disadvantage. This is especially true for students who have difficulty with time management and procrastination. These students tend to be more successful with the structure of traditional learning. Another disadvantage to e-learning is the technology involved. Some people do not have ready access to a computer and Internet connection. And some who do have the required equipment feel ill-equipped to use it. Lack of interaction between teacher and student is another drawback to e-learning. Some students need the immediate feedback that interaction provides. E-learning greatly increases the availability of educational opportunities. Unfortunately, it also increases the number of scams related to online education. Persons considering e-learning possibilities should be alert to such scams and thoroughly investigate any program before making a commitment.

The Handicrafts Industry In Nepal And Tibet Business Essay

The Handicrafts Industry In Nepal And Tibet Business Essay Based in Kathmandu Everest Handicraft distributor was established in 1998 with the aim of distributing fine Nepalese and Tibetan handicrafts. It collects different handicrafts goods made of woods, leathers, stones, clay, clothes, paper and different metals. Such type of goods are very popular and famous in different foreign markets such as Hong Kong, Korea, USA, UK, Japan and most of the European countries. Some of the goods include Nepalese knife (khukuri), Thankas, Tibetan woollen carpets, rugs, dolls, masks, crazy and fancy hates, cotton and hemp products, Buddhist religious items, wooden carved pictures and monuments, fine Nepalese pashmina and carpets. This business is targeted and directed to foreign citizens who like to collect different fascinating and exotic goods because these goods are made of hands and beautifully crafted and carved romantic pictures. Large number of tourists comes to visit Nepal and on the way to return they take some goods so that they remember their journey to Nepal. As this business is for foreign citizen, it has high potentiality in different overseas countries. In this modern era of globalisation, it is easier to expand goods and services in different foreign markets. So, I am planning to make my business global expanding it into Japan and America. 1.1 Political and Economic Overview As our business is going global and we are planning to develop into international market, the political and economic condition of such market is most important. As our business deals with domestic and industrial handicrafts, we studied it has good market opportunity in Japan and USA. Based on the constitutional monarchy system, Japan is industrialized; free-market economy is the second-largest in the world. Its economy is highly efficient and competitive in areas linked to international trade. (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm). It produces and distributes industrial and technological goods and services because it is technically far advanced country. Japanese per capita income is high and their purchasing power parity is also high. Japanese people like domestic and artistic handicrafts. Every year large quantity of domestic and industrial handicrafts is exported in Japanese market. They love foreign culture, tradition and they pay interest on studying its archaeological hist ory. They develop and produce high technological goods but they love small domestic handicrafts goods. The main purpose of such goods is for decoration, for archaeological study, for religion and for aesthetic as well as for domestic purpose. Therefore this business has good market in Japan. 1.1.1 XXXXX On the other hand, Nepalese handicrafts have been attracting in US market. These goods have been ideal in the American market too. Leading country of the world, America is practicing the free market economy. According to Country wise Export of Handicraft goods, Fiscal Year 2008/09 (Nepal), USA remains in the top rank to import handicrafts goods from Nepal. Including textiles (468567834) and non-textiles goods (403233845), America imported 871801679 goods from Nepal ( Federation of Handicrafts Association of Nepal, ( http://www.nepalhandicraft.org.np/handicraft_prof.php#t3 ). Nepalese handicrafts including bags and accessories, basketry products, glazed and non glazed earthenware ceramics, Christmas decorations are very famous in American market. Japan remained at the fourth rank to import handicraft goods from Nepal after USA, Germany and UK. Cultural Significance Culturally Nepal has remained as one of the multicultural, multi religious country where the country experiences the diversified geographic and ethnic community. Every tribe has their own custom, culture and they celebrate their special festivals. Different ethnic community produces different types of products which are collected in the market and exported in the foreign market. Though large number of population follows Hinduism, the people of Buddhist family is not low. Similarly Muslims and Christianity are also practised here. Comparing the overseas market, Japan and America with Nepal, Japan shares some of the Buddhism with Nepalese culture and the political situation is also somehow similar as both accept the parliamentary system. By virtue of their common Asian heritage, there is a strong cultural link between the people of Japan and Nepal. Asian values are deeply rooted in the society and people in both countries.(http://www.np.emb-japan.go.jp/relation.pdf) Similarly Japan widely follows western culture, tradition and values and it is happy to embrace Nepalese culture, custom and products. The huge success of Tokyo Disneyland is an example of Japanese acceptance of western culture. In the globalised era, countries are frequently moving each other country, set up their business in international market. So, culturally also Japan is the good overseas market to establish handicraft business. Likewise, USA practises democracy, human rights, and globalisation. As it is the top ranked country to accept handicraft goods from Nepal, religiously Americans are Christians and they enjoy with domestic handicraft goods along with Christmas decorations. Strategic Analysis Developing the business into overseas is a challenging task that coves the long legal, political, economic, cultural, social, strategical and ethical process. It includes the study of international market and product dimensions. In an answer, why it is challenging, John H Dunning writes, it is dominated by rapid and far reaching changes in technology and by environmental turbulence, this is no less true of successful practitioner (John H Dunning). Therefore it needs to examine outer forces as well as its strategic forces. As a response to these complications , Prof Dunning writes, a holistic and integrated approach to the creation and organisation of business wealth- the success of modern international co-operation is increasingly determined by the ability to organise natural resources, information, money and people across national boundaries, both within and between organisations. Geographically as well as culturally handicraft business has good market in Japan as both countries are located in the same continent and share somehow similar culture and religion. On the other hand, America represents the top rated market for Nepalese handicrafts goods. As America, a democratic country securing consumers basic rights has adopted free market economy and welcomes the free market economy. For example, Dixon Ticonderoga was an American reputed oldest public company produced pencils that became victim of globalisation. As it is exercising free market global economy, it is ready to face loss in the global competitive business world. Therefore globalising business is challenging task as the products are new to the market. The real concern for the global manager is how to design organisation to achieve effective global integration of business operations. (Kim, K, et, al The global integration of business functions: A study of multinational business in integrated global ind ustries, PP. 32 Business Entry strategy As a leading industrial nation, starting business in Japan is not difficult. If you have a unique and good quality product or service then by carefully controlling your starting costs you will be profitable in your first year in the Japanese market. Its that simple. The trick is understanding Japanese business and the mentality of Japanese businesspeople well enough to be able to control your costs. (http://www.venturejapan.com/starting-business-in-japan.htm) Japanese market is also free market competitive market; consumers purchasing power parity is also highly standard. Moreover they interest foreign culture, custom and tradition. The huge success of Tokyo Disneyland is an example of Japanese people following western culture. Government policies for international business market and company are flexible. The licensing and franchising, business registration, company registration process resemble Japans interest to attract international business. On the other hand, American market is big, the size of the country, the opportunities, and the sheer geographical size are fascinating factor to expand business in America. Every country has its unique culture, social system, economic, cultural, geographical, demographic factor which affect the business and the market economy of such country. Different business practices, business values, accepted ways of doing business, communication and varied legal structures must be taken into account.   In addition, for geographically large countries like the US, cultural business differences must also be considered as what is said on the East Coast may mean something entirely different than the West Coast. ( http://www.internationalmarketentry.com/ ). Conclusion Globalising business and expanding it into overseas market culminates good result if done carefully and with lots of study and investigation. There are some cultural, social, geographical, moral, legal and ethical aspects. Though handicrafts business in America has been more profitable than any other countries because of its consumption and distribution in American market. Yet it is a vast country with some cultural, social and geographical diversities. Large companies also face crisis in American market. Enron represents as one of the most failure company in the history of America. Therefore it is more challenging to expand it to America even though it has highest sells. On the contrary, handicraft business in japan Refrences: Dunnings, John H. Kim, K. http://www.internationalmarketentry.com http://www.venturejapan.com/starting-business-in-japan.htm http://www.np.emb-japan.go.jp/relation.pdf http://www.nepalhandicraft.org.np/handicraft_prof.php#t3 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm

Improving the Health of College Students Essay -- Health Nutrition Die

Improving the Health of College Students   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Did you know that public buildings seating over one hundred people will soon have to enlarge their seats to make accommodations for overweight people?† (Winfrey) This question is only a slight definition of the problem with the unhealthy habits of today’s Americans. Research suggests that this problem of overwhelming weight gain of Americans is beginning with college students. It is estimated that the average college student will gain 15 pounds during their freshman year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unhealthy habits, of course, are not a new problem among college students. But part of the reason that unhealthy habits remains a problem in colleges and universities may be that people are uninformed and do not know any real solutions for the problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problem is American college students are putting their health at risk with poor eating and exercise habits because they are uneducated about nutrition. The problem is not being solved because each individual has their own idea about what good health means. After researching, I found that at Arizona State University there are only two courses taught about health and exercise that can be taken to fulfill the general studies requirements (ASU Bulletin 77). One of the two classes is FON 344: Nutrition Services Management, in which the student will learn organization, administration, and management of food and nutrition services in hospitals and other institutions. The second class taught is NUR 254: Health for All : Issues of World Health. In this class students will be introduced to issues of world health, determines of health and relationships of health to development and change. Out of the five core areas and three awareness areas, ... ...he only solution I could come up with and that I felt would make any kind of a difference in the American society. The health of our future lies in our hands, so lets use our minds to make a difference. Works Cited Elmer—Dewit, Philip. â€Å"Fat times.†Time . Jan 16, 1995 v145. N2. P58 ( Hartley, Gregg. â€Å"Why do Americans Exercise?† Total Health.Oct 1995V17. N5. P36 (1). â€Å"Healthy Eating "Medlantic, Health Group On-Line â€Å"Importance of Exercise.† Usana, Independent Distributor. On-Li â€Å"Oprah Winfrey.† The Oprah Winfrey Show. March 4, 1997. â€Å"Serotin and Eating Disorders.† Medical Science Bulletin. PharmeceuticaInformation Associates, Ltd. â€Å"The food guide pyrmaid-for you.† IFIC: Source: US. Department of Agriculture / V.S Department of Health and Human Services. â€Å"What are Americans Eating.†Nutrition Resear â€Å"General Studies Courses.† ASU Bulletin. P7

Ireland based on Dermot Bolger’s Family Essay

In The Family on Paradise Pier by Dermot Bolger, some interesting themes are brought to light about Ireland and the interactions of people living there. This is one work that tells the overarching story of Irish history from a cultural perspective and from a highly personalized point of view. Starting with the trials and tribulations of one particular family, Bolger uses this placeholder to delve into issues surrounding all of Ireland at that time. The Goold Verschoyle family, and more specifically the children, act as a clear representation of an entire class of Irish people growing up in the early twentieth century. Bolger paints the picture of an Ireland where people were often forced to struggle and where people experienced challenges as they attempted to make transitions. He paints a portrait of Ireland as a place that was fluid and dynamic, always changing with the times. Because of that, the people in Ireland had a hard time finding their place between the two World Wars and beyond. The political climate was such that people were forced to adapt quickly, and the socioeconomic conditions were such that even people with inherent advantages went through some struggles as a result of their heritage. It could be said that the Ireland in this Bolger work is a complicated and confusing place, and it is one where children are forced to constantly reconsider their goals, dreams, and aspirations. The author does his very best to frame the struggles of an entire generation through the experiences of one family, which might not be a complete portrait, but it is quite obviously representative of an entire sector of the population in question. One important theme to consider in this work is how Ireland changed over time. The author uses to young children in the story to show how expectations and how experiences changed as Ireland was brought into the war. In the beginning, Ireland was a place where children felt safe and they felt as if opportunity was on the horizon. The portrait of Ireland was a positive one at that point in time, though it would most certainly change as the story went along. The book, the author writes of young Eva, â€Å"Eva thought it was glorious to wake up with this sense of expectation. The entire day would be spent outdoors, with their family chattering away on the back of Mr. Ffrench’s aeroplane cart as Eva dangled her legs over the swaying side and held down her wide-brimmed hat with one hand in the breeze. Sure no other bliss to equal this† (Bolger, 2006). In this, one can see that Ireland was a land of opportunity in the early going. Children felt as if they had the world at their feet, with different chances abounding. It is certainly worth noting that these children grew up in a privileged home, but that does not change the fact that Ireland offered them something. It was a place where life could not get any better, and where the entire family had time to worry about leisure. As the story goes along, Bolger traces the development of Ireland, as it goes from being a place where children can play and enjoy themselves to being a place where fear is rampant. This all has to do with the war and the political transitions taking place in the country in the early twentieth century. As the work continues along, the children grow up, and that allows the author to take on some more serious themes. While the early part of the book is spent describing how lovely it is to grow up in Ireland at that time, the next portion of the book describes the children as they struggle to fit in with the changing political landscape. Additionally, it shows Ireland as a place where rigid rules dictate a host of different things. These rules dictate, specifically, how things are passed down and what role the oldest son will take as he grows older. This is something that was important in Irish society, and it is something that weighed heavy on the mind of Art. As with many items in this work, Bolger uses that character as a representative for his generation at large, tracing their collective struggle through his somewhat common experiences. The author writes, â€Å"All the house cats belonged to Father. Mother’s pleasure arose from holding any baby in her arms. Eva was the only baby she ever rejected, just for a brief moment after Eva was born. ‘Take her away’, she had ordered the nurse because – having already borne one daughter – she was convinced that she had been carrying that all-important son and heir† (Bolger, 2006). This shows not only the importance of the first born son in Irish tradition, but also the struggle that may have been felt by young women in Ireland at the time. Bolger paints a portrait of Ireland that is not exactly favorable toward women. Though it may have been a fine place to grow up for young Eva in the beginning, the society was most certainly slanted toward men and satisfying their desires. The fathers wanted and needed sons to carry on their bloodlines, which put a tremendous amount of pressure on the family dynamic, and causes some internal strife for daughters in Irish society at that time. Whether this is a clear and complete picture of Irish society is a debate all in itself, but this is the representation that Bolger puts into play with his words. One thing that that author is sure to touch on is the relationship of politics in the changing Irish society. Young men were almost forced to have a political opinion, and they were required to juggle this political activism with their own family responsibilities. Because the role of the first-born son was so important in Irish society, boys born into that role had certain expectations placed upon them. They were to be responsible, mature, and they were to make the best possible decisions. Family and society at large put these tremendous pressures on them, and boys were constantly pulled from their own thoughts to consider those things that the family held dear. In a society where the political landscape was constantly changing, this created an interesting dynamic for young boys. The author specifically uses the situation of Art to bring this point to light. He is one who is getting caught up the communist movement, taking to its nuances and trying to get more involved. Still, he does not quite understand how to balance his newfound political activism with the type of responsibilities and burdens that are placed on his shoulders by the family. The author writes of this, â€Å"All night Art had been arguing with university friends about Italian politics in Fletcher’s rooms near Blackfriars. Fletcher was not of like mind to the others: he saw nothing wrong in truckloads of Il Duce’s fascists storming into Milan to end the communist-led strike there with the black-shirted thugs tearing down the Bolshevik flags hanging from the town hall. Fletcher could not understand why Art took such matters so seriously† (Bolger, 2006). Art was caught up in the political movement and it put pressure on the entire family dynamic. As he became more of a free thinker, he began to question many aspects of Irish society. This inner dialogue provides the author with the perfect opportunity to expand out his thoughts on Irish society at large. This expansion goes into the â€Å"unchangeable† nature of life in Ireland. Though things all around the children were changing, with wars and political movements and new technologies, the children themselves had no ability to change their stars, at least according to the author. This is because of how the author paints Ireland as a society highly steeped in tradition. Things were set in stone years before, which meant that children essentially had their lives mapped out on the basis of random chance, and not on the basis of what they were capable of accomplishing. The first-born son is a perfect example of this, as he is to inherit all of the wealth built up by the family, while his siblings were left to fight for the scraps. This is something that Art had to grapple with, as he could not wrap his mind around why he had gotten so lucky in this regard. He saw this as a twisted society, and it was certainly not the portrait painted by a naive young girl in the early part of the book. As things changed in Irish society and the children grew, they came to find that perhaps their opportunities were more limited than they had originally figured. By no fault of their own, they were shoehorned into one particular life path, while first-born sons were able to enjoy the spoils of their fortunate timing. The author writes of this, â€Å"Yet the more he studied politics the more he realized that he was like them. All that distinguished him from his siblings was a fluke of birth, a throw of the dice yielding him absolute access to wealth while the others were left to scramble for minor bequests. Past generations had ensured that this was a chalice he could not refuse. Short of dying, Art had no means of breaking that cycle of indenture† (Bolger, 2006). What is interesting about this take is that the author actually paints it as a struggle for the person receiving the fortuitous treatment. This paints a portrait of Ireland as a society where even people who have the advantages are forced to feel trapped. Even though Art had everything that he could have asked for in order to make a success of his life, he still felt as if his life had little freedom. Perhaps that is why he associated so well with the communist movement, as it was something that seemed familiar to him over the long haul. It is important that the author painted the family as being happy and loving in the beginning, as it allows him to paint a stark contrast in the end. He represents the family as being torn apart by all of the environmental changes taking place in Ireland and in larger Europe during the years surrounding the World War. The author writes, â€Å"The Goold Vershoyle children were born into a respected freethinking Protestant family in a Manor House alive with laughter, debate and fascinating guests. But the world of picnics and childish infatuations is soon under threat as political changes within Ireland and the whole world encroach upon their private paradise† (Bolger, 2006). As the story goes on to describe, the family dynamic all about Ireland was being nearly destroyed by boys who felt the need to become politically active. As Art got deeper and deeper into the throws of communism, his family gained resentment, and the happy home was torn into something ugly. It was a place where people were once again being restricted, this time by the expectations that society so diligently placed on young men who were to inherit their family’s possessions. The author has Cousin George indicate in the book, â€Å"The family’s reputation was being indelibly eroded by Art’s willful madness in embracing communism, which he considered to be a cancer gradually infecting them all. Such lunacy might be all right for pagans like the Ffrenches, but his uncle was always too soft in allowing inflammatory discussions at the table† (Bolger, 2006). The need for discussion that burned within a newly active political generation was boiling over, causing tension and breeding strife that might not have been there in the beginning. In this, the author paints the portrait of an Ireland full of differing viewpoints, even within households. It was a place where people were forced to take sides, even if that was not a natural act for them. As things changed, the movement swept up everyone, so much so that it became a part of daily life for even the most respected families in the country. There are a number of representations of Ireland that are presented in this work, most of them dealing with the changing political landscape and the idea of opportunity. The author paints a portrait of Ireland that includes much inner-strife and he shows that it is a place where the goals and dreams of children are replaced by the realities of growing up. With communism thrown into the mix as an extra detractor from the family dynamic, he represents Ireland as a place that is highly splintered, with different viewpoints attempting to climb on top of one another for position and leverage. Works Cited Bolger, Dermot. â€Å"The Family on Paradise Pier†. 1 May 2006. HarperPerennial Purblishing.

Intercultural Communication and Negotiation in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) Essay

Under this chapter, explores three main sub-topic which is firstly is barriers to effective communication, secondly is approaches to successful international negotiations, and thirdly is being culturally intelligent in Indochina. The discussion of differences in communicative goals in an intercultural negotiation setting. Every country have their own cultural whether Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam in communication also negotiation. The processes by which they do so are different, and this difference makes it hard and face some difficulties in process of communication and to conclude an agreement which is, of course, the big differences in the process of intercultural communication and negotiation are reflected in the differences in communication goals that are follow by parties that involved. CONTENT Barriers to Affective Communication As kineberg (1965) highlight that â€Å"we find that culture differ widely from one another in the amount of emotional expression which is permitted. According to Klopf and Park (1982), the ways people communicate and interact, their language patterns, nonverbal (communication without use of spoken language, and transfer of meaning through means such as body language and use of physical space) models all are determined by culture. Figure 1: Intercultural communication model (Source: Samovar and Porter, 1997) As we seen at the figure, cross-cultural communication theory begins with the assumptions of cultural variations. These differences act as barriers to communication. The differences exist and knowing the potential effects on communication, the communicator will be more sensitive to the fact and adapt such differences. Here means, that communicators have to understand each other. Culture bound verbal and non verbal communication is non-verbal codes contain of body movements, facial expression, chronemics (time), proxemics (space), gestures, and Para language. Verbal communication displays non-verbal signs through emotion and speaking style as well as intonation, rhythm and others. CAMBODIA Cambodia is a collective society which means individuals take second place to the group whether this is the family, neighborhood or company. In such societies, etiquette and protocol guidelines are used to maintain a sense of common harmony, for example subtle communication style are employed in order to minimize the chances of causing offense to others. The concept of face ties in with this collective outlook. Protecting both one’s own and other’s face extremely important. Face can roughly be translated as a combination of honor, dignity and public reputation that is attributed to a person. face can be lost, given accrued. Need to aware of the mechanics of face to ensure they do not cause anyone to lose face as a result of unintentional actions. Face is lost when someone is criticized, embarrassed or exposed in public, it can be given by complimenting someone publicly for example for their business acumen or hospitality. LAOS Laos style in cultural of communication is they really highlight the importance of greetings and the rule surrounding the â€Å"wa†. They practice unspoken and implicit communication. Communication with people in Laos also need to caution, patient and humality. Laos also to emphasize social standards such as gift, business card, and dress code. And in communication process, you have to watch sensitive subject like politics, history and religion. And lastly, in Laos, it is rude for strangers to touch upon the head of the children where as in western countries it is way of showing affection. VIETNAM In Vietnam communication intercultural styles is personal relationship are required for successful business relationship. The initial meeting is viewed as an introductory meeting where you get to know one another. You should wait for your Vietnamese counterpart to raise the business subject. Many meetings are conducted in Vietnamese and to ensure you avoid any potential cross cultural miscommunications you will need a translator. Vietnamese put a higher value on keeping one’s word than on contracts. Never commit yourself verbally unless you are prepared to stand by your word. Communication and negotiations move at a slow and pace and patience will be necessary cross cultural attribute. It is important to speak to all stakeholders, which often includes government officials. When recommending a proposal, it is a good idea to offer several ways the other party could structure the deal. Vietnamese like to consider options. Vietnamese are skilled negotiators. Approaches to Successful International Negotiations In international negotiation, cultural preparation to understand different worlds is central to successful strategy and tactics. One theoretical model which may be useful for preparation before do the negotiation set out by Richard D.Lewis in his book â€Å"When Cultures Collide.† He divided cultures into three main categories as follows. Many cultures are a mix, but tend to dominate in one or two categories: The relative positions of cultures can be roughly arranged in a triangle, as a guide to which negotiation approaches may work best: For successful cross-cultural negotiation it helps to have a logical mental process encompassing which is a clear analytical model for interpreting cultural behavior and applying that model to manage cross-cultural interaction. A sharpened understanding of your own personal cultural profile, and how that fits into the global context of the triangle, in such as attitudes to truth, risk, time, power and others. Adaptation of personal communication style to different cultures expectations in negotiations, as for example in the use of logic, emotion, initiation versus reaction, simplicity versus complexity, optimism to create a positive climate or a free investigation of problems at the outset. Also understanding of how trust is seen in different cultures, and using this as a means of bulding trust more effectively in negotiation. CAMBODIA The Cambodia style in cultural of negotiations is they really highlight on personal relationship also means here is long term relationship. The process of communication will be slow while they take time to get to know you. Here patient attitudes plays big role because of could jeopardize the decision in this communication. If proposing a large contract, it is advisable to first seek government approval. Cambodians are non-confrontational. They do not like saying â€Å"no† overtly. If they say â€Å"no problem† actually means there is a problem and what you have to asked for will not happen. Try hard to maintain your composure at all times. Displaying anger irritation could negatively impact negotiations. In this poor country, price is often a determining factor in business decisions. LAOS The key of establishing trust which is politeness and willingness to help. Identifying decision-makers and power chains or power conflict. Time, priority and deadline management is important. Attitudes in signed contract and their implications. And organizing the post negotiations phase. VIETNAM Approaches to change which is Vietnam’s intercultural adaptability and readiness for risk is minimal. Changes is difficult to bring about and the idea of it is not received with enthusiasm. In order for change to take hold, the idea needs to be perceived as good for the group and be accepted by the group. Meanwhile approaches to time and priorities is Vietnamese is very relaxed with its attitude towards schedules and timelines. Vietnamese will not upset others in order to force meeting deadline, and while appointments and schedules need to be set in advance, these should be viewed as flexible. Patience is a necessary attribute to successful cross cultural management in Vietnam. Global and intercultural expansion means that some managers may have a greater appreciation of the need to enforce timescales and as such, agreed deadlines are more likely to be met. Culturally intelligent in Indochina. Cross-cultural communication is one such global skill that will train people to adapt to any cultural contex. Cross cultural communication has appeared largely through the globalization of markets, affairs of nation-states and technologies. As already explain, people have to adapt with the latest information and communication technologies such as the World Wide Web ( http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/ci-ic-eng.asp?iso=kh ), (http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles-intercultural.html ) this links is Center for Intercultural learning, provide about the facts and info cultural all country around the world. Others sources is computers, films, and television shape cultural and civic speech. Here, from this approaches will brings transformation economic and social relation to such an degree that cultural and economic barriers are minimized. Others approaches is take a world intercultural class. In this class, highlight to intercultural communication and discusses some specific methods and strategies. These include mastering issues like learning to honors and sharing one’s own culture while developing a capacity to be open to others cultures. As for example like classroom practices and strategies include intercultural explorations through the use of appropriate texts, films and other multi-media resources, short stories, contra case studies of cultures, group meetings, presentation and role plays. Cultural intelligence has various meanings that can be looked on as complementary. It’s also refers to behaviors that are considered intelligent from the point of view of people in specific cultures (Richard Brislin, 2012). Firstly learned information about Indochina cultures such as behaviours can include quick application of previously learned information in some cultures, getting along with kin in other cultures, and slow and deliberate consideration of alternative courses of action in still other cultures. On the other hand, cultural intelligence can also refer to the traits and skills of people who adjust quickly, with minimal stress, when they interact extensively in cultures other than the ones where they were socialized. The two uses of the term are related because people who want to be sensitive to other scan examine intelligence as it is defined and demonstrated in other cultures and can make adjustments in their own behaviours during their cross-cultural experiences. REFERENCES Jandt, F.E. (2001). Intercultural communication: An introduction (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Madrolle, C. (1996). Indochina. New York: Columbia University Press.